Extrait d’un entretien de Bill Moyers avec Susan Sontag qui eut lieu le 4 avril 2003 :
« BILL MOYERS: Let me ask you to-- what did you want us, the reader, to take away from this book?
SUSAN SONTAG: What I want people to think about is how serious war is. How it is elective. It's not an inevitable state of affairs. War is not the weather. I want people to think about what war is. And at the same time, I know it's very hard. I end the book by saying, in a way the world is divided into people who know-- have had direct experience of war, and people who haven't.
And if you've had a direct experience of war, and I think every single soldier, or journalist who's been-- in-- you know, in the trenches and the front line or an observer-- or human rights worker, or anybody who has actually had a direct experience, prolonged direct experience with war, knows that when you go home, and people say, "How was it?" Or "What was it like?" You really can't explain. You can't-- you-- you-- you feel as if you can never tell them what it was really like.
That it is both more horrible than any kind of pictures could convey, and maybe one of the most horrible parts of it is that it becomes a normality. It becomes a world that you can live in. There is a culture of war.
BILL MOYERS: Let's talk about the images in REGARDING THE PAIN OF OTHERS. Why don't images that you write about and that we see, why don't they stop war?
SUSAN SONTAG: I don't think images can stop war, because I don't think images just come all wrapped up with their meanings-- very apparent to us. I think the images, as I say, they'll disgust you with war in general, but they won't tell you which of the wars, let's say, that might be worth fighting, like World War II, and the ones that you should bring to an end as quickly as possible or pull out of. That-- for that you have to have a politics or you have to have an ethics, or you have to have some knowledge. And that's why you need words to go with the images.
It's not the pictures that are going to tell us that specific message. The pictures are going to tell us how terrible war is. But they're not going to help us-- understand why this war is wrong.
Because you know, the other people will just say, "Well, hey, war is hell." I mean, don't you know that? But grow up. You know, did you think war was-- pretty activity in which nobody gets killed? Of course! War is hell." So the pictures are not going to tell us to stop a particular war, a particular war. And for that we need debate, and we need a two party system, which we no longer have in this country.
So this is a book that really wants to talk about how horrible war is. Precisely in the way that images both convey it and can't convey it.
BILL MOYERS: Well, what do you mean? They convey it-- they convey a slice of it, but not the totality?
SUSAN SONTAG: Well, they can-- of course they can't convey the totality. That goes without saying. No image can. But it's also the-- when you watch things through an image, it's precisely affirming that you're safe. Because you are watching it. You're here and not there. And in a way you're also-- you're-- you're innocent. You're not doing it. You're neither being killed nor are you-- are you firing the gun.
You become a spectator. It confirms you in a kind of feeling of-- invulnerability. On one level it's people looking at war as spectacle. But they don't just look at it as spectacle. They just look at it as, well, that's a terrible thing. Really terrible. And they turn the channel.
You know, I opened-- I'm a very faithful reader of the NEW YORK TIMES-- every morning. And when I see that section, The Nation At War, and I look at those incredible color photographs of the Iraqi mother with her children cowering and-- you know, and some bombardment or dead bodies or American soldiers or debris or destroyed houses, day after day after day, I think, "This is extraordinary that we can be here and we're so safe. And they're there." And that's a situation we're just going to get used to.
BILL MOYERS: You once wrote that a picture becomes apathetic unless it leads you to action, or something like that. What should we do when we see images like this?
SUSAN SONTAG: Well, how do we get politics back into our lives? I mean, that-- we have-- we have a-- a form of politics now in which we're told that our duty as citizens is to assent, to be supportive. United we stand. That's a very sinister slogan, as far as I'm concerned.
BILL MOYERS: Well, there's a big tendency in America to make patriotism into consensus.
SUSAN SONTAG: Exactly. So if you're a patriot, then you have to agree with the government. Well, I think I'm the patriot, or at least as patriotic as anybody who supports this war. Because I do have the interests of this country in mind when I oppose this war.
BILL MOYERS: You write in here, "Compassion is an unstable emotion. It needs to be translated into action or it withers. Otherwise, you say, one starts to get bored, apathetic, cynical." What do you do with your comp-- what do you with your compassion?
SUSAN SONTAG: Well-- I'm an evangelist. I talk a lot. And-- I try to set information.
I speak, I write. I guess I believe in ethical action.
I am an activist in that. I feel a need to put my life where my mouth is or my life where my keyboard is. I feel a need to act on what I believe or what I say I believe. It's if I don't act on it then I don't think it's worth anything. »
http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_sontag.html